Setup is checked at the max corner because it's where the circuit operates slower, and we need to ensure that data arrives in time before the next clock edge. Delays increase in the max corner due to factors like higher voltage or temperature, which can lead to setup violations if not checked.
Hold is checked at the min corner because it's where the circuit operates faster, and we need to ensure that data doesn't arrive too early and overwrite the previous data. Faster switching in the min corner could cause hold violations if not properly analyzed.
So, setup is checked at max corner for worst-case delay, and hold at min corner for worst-case speed.
Setup is checked at the max corner because it ensures the longest delays are within acceptable limits, preventing data from arriving too late to be latched. We focus on the slowest conditions, like low voltage or high temperature, where delays are longest. Hold is checked at the min corner to ensure data isn't captured too early, preventing hold violations. You evaluate this under the fastest conditions, like high voltage or low temperature, where delays are shortest. By checking setup at max and hold at min, we ensure reliable operation across all process, voltage, and temperature variations.
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